Skin cysts are a common skin condition that can be bothersome but are usually harmless. Patients are often surprised to learn that skin cysts can affect individuals of all ages. These small, sac-like bumps may appear anywhere on the body and can be a source of concern for many.
By understanding what causes cysts, how they can be treated, and steps you can take to prevent them, you can better manage this condition. Here I discuss what skin cysts are, what causes them, how they can be treated, and steps you can take to prevent them.
What are Skin Cysts?
Skin cysts, also known as epidermoid cysts, are noncancerous, closed sacs or capsules that typically develop just beneath the skin’s surface. They are filled with keratin, a protein found in skin cells, hair, and nails. These cysts can vary in size and may feel firm or soft to the touch.
Causes of Skin Cysts
Skin cysts can develop for various reasons, including:
- Genetic predisposition: Some individuals may be more prone to developing cysts due to genetic factors.
- Blocked hair follicles: When a hair follicle becomes blocked, usually due to a buildup of dead skin cells or oil, a cyst may form.
- Trauma to the skin: Injuries such as cuts or surgical wounds can sometimes lead to the formation of cysts as the skin heals.
- Hormonal changes: Fluctuations in hormones, such as those that occur during puberty or pregnancy, can contribute to the development of cysts.
Are all cysts the same?
No. There are several types, each has distinct characteristics and causes. The most common types include:
- Cystic Acne: This occurs when oil and dead skin cells build up deep within follicles.
- Milia: These small, white cysts develop when keratin becomes trapped beneath the surface of the skin.
- Dermoid cysts: This is a growth of normal tissue enclosed in a pocket of cells called a sac.
- Epidermoid cysts: These cysts occur when cells from the skin’s top layer proliferate beneath the skin.
- Pilar cysts: Also known as trichilemmal cysts, grow from your hair follicles.
Treatment Options
While skin cysts are typically harmless and may resolve on their own, they can sometimes become inflamed, infected, or cosmetically bothersome. In these circumstances, I recommend you come in and discuss treatment options with us. These may include:
- Incision and drainage: I may use a sterile needle or scalpel to drain the fluid from the cyst.
- Corticosteroid injections: Injections of corticosteroids can help reduce inflammation and shrink the cyst.
- Surgical removal: In cases where a cyst is large, recurrent, or causing symptoms, I may recommend surgical excision. This procedure involves removing the entire cyst and its surrounding capsule.
Prevention Tips
While it may not be possible to prevent all skin cysts, there are steps you can take to reduce your risk:
- Practice good skin care: Keep your skin clean and moisturized to prevent the buildup of dead skin cells and oil.
- Avoid squeezing or picking at cysts: Manipulating cysts can increase the risk of inflammation, infection, and scarring.
- Protect your skin from trauma: Take precautions to avoid injuries that could lead to the formation of cysts.
- Manage underlying conditions: If you have a condition such as acne or hidradenitis suppurativa that predisposes you to cyst formation, work with us to manage it effectively.
Here for you
If you have concerns about a skin cyst or notice any changes in size, shape, or appearance, please contact us for proper evaluation and management.